Objectives: It is important to recognize any risk factors for the development of injuries in the athletic population. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between joint hyper mobility and low back pain in Iranian hyper mobile and non-hyper mobile athletes.Methods: 50 athletic patients with low back pain (age=23.20±12.79 years) and 51 healthy athletes (age=24.28 ± 13.70) from Iranian athletic teams were screened for hyper mobility using the Beighton score (0-9, with higher scores indicating increasing hyper mobility). The athletes’ profiles, medical histories and chosen sport were collected by means of a questionnaire.Results: The mean (SD) Beighton score in females with low back pain and healthy subjects were 5.07±2.30 and 4.93±1.79 respectively. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups (p=0.54). The mean (SD) Beighton score in males with low back pain was also higher (5.11±1.72) than in healthy subjects (4.36±1.82). However, the result of an independent t test showed no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.07).Discussion: Further studies are needed to determine the effects of hyper mobility on low back kinematics and injuries in different sport types.

Background: An increase in the movement of one or more joints beyond the normal range of motion is known as hyper-mobility. However, in most cases, joint hyper-mobility is observed as a confined phenomenon referred to as generalized joint hyper-mobility (GJH). The present study aims to compare and evaluate the prevalence of GJH among Iranian students. Methods: The present cross-sectional and retrospective study enrolled both male and female students aged 8 to 18 years who were willingly enthusiastic to participate in this study. For this, 1225 students (726 girls and 499 boys) were chosen through the convenience and targeted sampling method. The research tool was a self-assessment 5-part questionnaire for identifying GJH (5PQ,Sensitivity: 80-85%,Specificity: 80-90%) (Hakim & Grahame). Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and no direct access to students, the questionnaire was designed in Google Forms Survey Administration software and distributed online among sports teachers or students through social networks. The data gathered from completed questionnaires were analyzed in SPSS version 22 using the two-way chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of GJH among female students (41. 2%) was higher than that among male students (30. 7%). The two-way chi-square test revealed a significant difference in the rate of GJH between female and male students (p=0. 001, ƛ, =13. 97). According to the results, "gender" accounted for 10% of the prevalence of hyper-mobility in students. The statistical tests revealed that "age" causes no significant difference in the rate of hyper-mobility among students (p=0. 54, ƛ, =10. 79). Conclusion: The present study revealed a high prevalence of GJH among Iranian students. The prevalence of GJH among female students was higher than that among male students. Thus, these results entail paying more attention to this phenomenon, as it may provoke physical and psychological complications in the future for students affected by GJH.

Background: Hyper IgE syndrome is a rare primary immune deficiency disorder characterized by pulmonary and cutaneous infection, eczema, and elevated serum IgE levels. In this article, 4 patients with hyper IgE syndrome and recurrent pulmonary infection were reported.Case Report: Four girls with history of recurrent pulmonary infections were worked up and hyper IgE syndrome was diagnosed for them. All patients had recurrent pulmonary infections including pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pulmonary abscess, hydropneumothorax. Serum IgE levels were greater than 2000 Iu/ml in all cases. Microbial cultures showed staphylococcus aureas and pseudomans aeroginosa in two cases. All patients respond well to the wide spectrum intravenous antibiotics. Extra-pulmonary manifestations including purulent lymphadenitis, and skin and brain abcesses were observed. Conclusion: Hyper IgE syndrome causes recurrent pulmonary and extra-pulmonary infections which response fairly well to wide spectrum antibiotic therapy.

Efficient distribution of service requests between fog and cloud nodes considering user mobility and fog nodes’ overload is an important issue of fog computing. This paper proposes a heuristic method for task placement considering the mobility of users, aiming to serve a higher number of requested services and minimize their response time. This method introduces a formula to overload prediction based on the entry-exit ratio of users and the estimated time required to perform current requests that are waiting in the queue of a fog node. Then, it provides a solution to avoid the predicted overloading of fog nodes by sending all delay-tolerant requests in the overloaded fog node’s queue to the cloud to reduce the time required for servicing delay-sensitive requests and to increase their acceptance rate. In addition, to prevent requests from being rejected when the mobile user leaves the coverage area of the current fog node, the requests in the current fog node’s queue will be transferred to the destination fog node. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method is effective in avoiding the overloading of the fog nodes and outperforms the existing methods in terms of response time and acceptance rate.

Hyper IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome) is a primary immunodeficiency disease with recurrent infections especially staphylococcal, coarse face, skeletal abnormality and significant increase in serum IgE level (IgE >2000IU/ml). We present a 16 years old boy admitted with chronic cough, dyspnea, eczema and pneumatocele. He had a history of chronic dermal infection since 1 month after birth. The diagnosis of hyper IgE syndrome was made according to typical history and significant high serum IgE level.

Background and Aim: Hormonal and physiological changes during puberty may lead women to generalized joint hypermobility followed by proprioceptive deficit. Limited studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of proprioceptive training in pre-and post-pubertal women with generalized joint hypermobility. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of proprioception training on pain and proprioception in pre-and post-pubertal women with hypermobility. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 female volunteers (8– 16 years) with generalized joint hypermobility were randomly assigned in to two groups of 1) pre-pubertal and 2) post-pubertal groups. Pain and proprioception was evaluated using Visual Analog Scale and Photogrammetry methods, respectively. All measurements were performed both at the baseline and at end of the eighth week. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov– Smirnov test, paired t-test, and independent t-test were used. Results: The within-group results of the study showed that eight weeks of proprioceptive training caused significant attenuation of pain (Ppre-puberty=0. 001, Ppost-puberty=0. 001) and improvement of proprioception (Ppre-puberty=0. 001, Ppost-puberty=0. 001) in pre-and post-pubertal hypermobile women as compared to their baseline. The results revealed changes from pretest (5. 78± 0. 89) to posttest (1. 64± 0. 74) in the pain parameter in pre-pubertal group, and changes in proprioception parameter from pre-test (4. 85± 0. 66) to post-test (1. 85± 0. 86) in pre-pubertal group. However, in post-pubertal group, the pain parameter changed from pre-test (5. 35± 1. 33) to post-test (2. 78± 1. 18) and in proprioception parameter, it changed from pretest (4. 71± 0. 91) to post-test (2. 35± 1. 00). These results were found to be significant too. Also, the pre-pubertal group showed higher difference between baseline and the eighth week in pain and proprioception as compared with post-pubertal group. Conclusion: The present study showed that eight weeks of proprioceptive training in pre-and postpubertal women with hyper mobility result in decreasing pain and improvement in proprioception. But effectiveness of the proprioceptive training was more in pre-pubertal women; therefore, it is recommended that to lessen side effects of this impairment, proprioceptive trainings be used before puberty in women.

Hyper-tubes consisting of hyper-cubes of n -dimensions were designed and formulas for substructures of vary dimensions established.

The intuitionistic fuzzification of (strong, weak, s-weak) hyper BCK-ideals is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of an intuitionistic fuzzy hyper BCK-ideal are established. Using a collection of hyper BCK-ideals with some conditions, an intuitionistic fuzzy hyper BCK-ideal is built.